This report presents a case study of how women and men in rural Tanzania are affected differently by the arrival of off-grid electricity in their homes, and the extent to which access contributes towards women’s empowerment. It aims to inform work by enterprises, as well as funders and policy makers so that women in Tanzania and beyond are meaningfully included in the sustainable energy transition. In order to do this, our study tests assumptions about the impact of household solar technologies on women’s lives so that companies can ensure their products and services are inclusive and avoid reinforcing gender inequality.