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Insurance is a largely invisible yet ubiquitous part of our economies. Our health, movements, purchases, homes, and even lives are usually covered by insurance. Without insurance, the unpredictability of the future would be too great and it would be difficult to take risks and innovate. In other words, insurance typically allows people to break the psychological and financial barriers which normally prevent them from engaging in potentially riskier activities thus forgoing greater reward and innovation. Insurance has contributed to macroeconomic development through economic growth, stabilization, distribution, and innovation.

Index-based insurance is an innovative financial service that can help smallholder farmers manage some of the risks related to weather conditions. On one hand, the increasing availability of this financial service offers a big opportunity to both farmers and providers. On the other hand, the complexity of this risk management tool can lead to poorly-understood index insurance products that may do more harm than good. This Briefing Note has been produced as part of the Global Action Network to advance agriculture insurance, a partnership between the Facility, USAID and the BASIS Assets and Market Access Innovation Lab/I4 Index Insurance Innovation Initiative at the University of California Davis.

Index-based insurance is an innovative financial service that can help smallholder farmers manage some of the risks related to weather conditions. Considering the lessons and insights gathered from index insurance and financial education projects, as well as from the field of behavioural economics, the Global Action Network to advance agriculture insurance (GAN), coordinated by the International Labour Organisation’s Impact Insurance Facility and supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has worked to put together guidelines for index insurance education to support the industry to deal with this task.

With 1.5 billion people worldwide getting access to financial services through a post office, postal networks are powerful tools to advance financial inclusion. Posts possess or can develop characteristics such as client understanding, product diversification, national outreach, rural advantage, and trust with clients that have the potential to transform postal networks into well-suited providers of insurance. Insurance is a relatively easy way for posts to diversify their sources of revenue.

This study by the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) delves into the transformative potential of postal networks into well-suited providers of insurance. The report concludes by presenting three types of business models in which postal insurance can help advancing financial inclusion through insurance access.

Small businesses are vital to economic development. However, they are exposed to a wide range of risks, ranging from theft of assets to illness of a key worker or a natural disaster. Furthermore, they struggle more than larger businesses to cope with these risks. Insurance represents an important tool to help them better manage such risks.

Informal finance mechanisms are as diverse as they are ubiquitous, including institutions such as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs), accumulating savings and credit associations (ASCAs), informal moneylending, loan brokers, and burial societies, to name a few. Such mechanisms may or may not be 'traditional', and range from simple to complex. They attend to diverse needs such as consumption smoothing, enterprise financing, promoting savings discipline, and intermediation between savers and borrowers. Arguably, the core-identifying characteristic of informal financial institutions is that emphasize inter-personal relationships, rather than relying on anonymous interaction between a client and a formal institution.