The paper reviews the pilot experiments conducted from 2011 onwards in eight districts across six states to test the provision of outpatient (OP) benefits under RSBY, India’s Social Health Insurance Scheme for low income populations. Administrative data on enrolment, empanelment of care providers and outpatient claims was analysed for the review. The paper also discusses the status of primary care in India and outpatient care provision in similar schemes in other developing nations (Vietnam, Ghana, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand).