How inclusive can innovation and development be in the twenty-first century?
This paper reviews new models of innovation for development, including ‘frugal’, ‘grassroots’ or ‘below the radar’ models, to answer the question of how inclusive innovation and development can develop in the twenty-first century. The argument put forward is that inclusiveness depends not only on diffusion of innovation models to the poor but also on their generation according to principles of participation and equity derived from contemporary theories of global justice.